It has many laboratory and industrial uses which include, metallurgy, testing for precious metals. Number of times in the reporting year that missing data procedures were followed to measure nitric acid production months. The higher nitric acid concentration and the higher the. Ostwald process for producing nitric acid worldofchemicals. How to make nitric acid science experiments wonderhowto. Chemically, nitric acid is made by bubbling nitrogen dioxide into water.
Production levels for 2006 have been estimated at 6. Sciencemadness discussion board making nitric acid. The total annual productivity capacity of these commercial plants is estimated to be on the order of 4. All you need to do to make nitrocellulose is treat cellulose with nitric acid or any other strong nitrating agent. To make nitroglycerin, we first have to make nitric acid. Potassium nitrate 2 parts by volumeconcentrated sulfuric acid 1 part by volume2 bottles or ceramin jugs narrow necks are preferablepot or frying panheat source wood, charcoal, or coaltape paper or rags. It is a toxic and corrosive acid as well as being a strong oxidizer as well, in some cases dangerously so. Through the ostwald process, nitric acid is commonly used in fertilizers and pharmaceuticals, and because of its chemical reaction with some compounds, it is used in rocket fuel and explosives like trinitrotoluene tnt. Us4260730a preparation of bisphenolformaldehyde ethers.
This article will be concerned with three ways to prepare nitric acid. Nitric acid production is one of the largescale processes in chemical industry. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. Nitric acid in the spotlight chemical engineering page 1. There are approximately 50 privately owned plants producing nitric acid in this country. Nov 12, 2012 a short video clip illustrating the process of nitric acid production that can be viewed online by students or downloaded for showing in class. Nitric acid is made from the reaction of ammonia with oxygen. Jun 03, 2009 chemically, nitric acid is made by bubbling nitrogen dioxide into water. Whether your daily nitric acid requirement is for 20 or 2000 tons, thyssenkrupp can meet your needs with a highly efficient, eco. So, 315,05g of 60% nitric acid 430,58ml would fully nitrate 162,14g of cellulose. The manufacture of nitric acid johnson matthey technology. Historically and practically, the ostwald process is closely associated with.
Also, if you leak nitric oxide fumes during your reactions you may feel fine and fall over from pulmonary ademia about a week later due to the fact that this is extremely dangerous to your body. Nitric acid definition is a corrosive liquid inorganic acid hno3 used especially as an oxidizing agent, in nitrations, and in making organic compounds such as fertilizers, explosives, and dyes. This chamber contains a platinum gauze which serves as the catalyst. Around 80grams of sodium nitrate, over 30grams of copper and 100ml of hydrochloric acid are the quantities needed. This can be done by reacting hydrochloric acid, a nitrate salt and copper. A short video clip illustrating the process of nitric acid production that can be viewed online by students or downloaded for showing in class. This was the first manmade plastic, which was named parkesine. Jun 24, 2019 aqua regia is a corrosive acid mixture made by combining nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. The usual ratio of acids is 3 parts hydrochloric acid to 1 part nitric acid. Some 99% acid is required for the manufacture of, for example, organic nitrocompounds for the explosives and dye industries. Nitrocellulose was first made by alexander parkes in 1862. No2 and water will also make nitric acid, as will oxidation of ammonia used in industry. Nitric acid passivation offers a range of options to customize the oxidizing potential of the acid to suit a specific grade of stainless steel. Step 1 primary oxidation formation of nitric acid oxidation of ammonia is carried out in a catalyst chamber in which one part of ammonia and eight parts of oxygen by volume are introduced.
Jul 01, 2017 the nitric acid is used for fertilizer production thyssenkrupp industrial solutionscaption applications of hno3 nitric acid is used for a large number of applications, but the majority of the acid is used for making fertilizers figures 1 and 2. Place the beaker in an ice bath and allow to cool below room temp. Do i just weigh 10g of concentrated nitric acid 65% and dilute to 100ml with water. Pdf effects of chemical etching with nitric acid on glass. Nitric acid is a valuable chemical reagent for the laboratory. Do i just weigh 10g of conc nitric acid 65% and dilute to 100ml with water.
Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. If this were a straightforward reaction, 189,03g of nitric acid would fully nitrate 162,14g of cellulose. Wilhelm ostwald developed the process, and he patented it in 1902. Nitric acid is a type of potent mineral acid used to make things like fertilizers, dyes, and high explosives. The purpose of this simulation was to observe the thermodynamic. Proposed rule for mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases. Pdf effects of chemical etching with nitric acid on. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during. Nitric acid h no 3, also known as aqua fortis latin for strong water and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid the pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. A bisphenol is reacted with formaldehyde in solution in alcohol in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably at a ph of from 710, to provide a polymethylol derivative. What volume of nitric acid must be diluted must with distilled water to prepare 5l of 0. Chemistryplease help use a 10% wv nitric acid solution.
Nitric acid is an inorganic chemical that is used in the manufacture of nitrogenbased fertilizers, adipic acid, and explosives. The same gas is formed as a pollutant in petrol engines. Nitric acid is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. We show 3 ways to make nitric acid based on two different chemical approaches both of which can be done using easily accessible materials. Safe preparation of nital university of british columbia. N 2 and o 2 is present in the air are used for the manufacture of nitric acid. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during operation. The ostwald process is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry, and it provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production. Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes constitutes one of the worlds major chemical industries. The reaction is highly exothermic and the heat given out by the reaction is sufficient to keep the reaction. Commonly, the solution may contain up to 5% by volume concentrated nitric acid in ethanol. Nitric acid, red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid generating redbrown. If a performance test was conducted, report the following. About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of.
Mar 27, 2020 nitric acid is a type of potent mineral acid used to make things like fertilizers, dyes, and high explosives. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock and thermallysensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Aqua regia is a corrosive acid mixture made by combining nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. The procedures in this video produce large quantities of toxic gases and deal with highly corrosive. The nitric acid catalyst is then precipitated with alkali metal hydroxide to enable easy removal of both acid and alkali as an insoluble salt. How is nitric acid made nitric acid is made from the reaction of ammonia with oxygen the first stage produces nitrogen monoxide. Type of nitric acid process used for each nitric acid train low, medium, or dual pressure. The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Nitric acid was the first adopted oxidizer for copper cmp. The various methods and types of nitric acid passivation include several heated options as well as options that include a sodium dichromate. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year.
In this article the author outlines some of the principal features of this process, and describes in some detail the chemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface. The cellulose can come from paper, cotton, wood, or other plant matter. Gcse science chemistry high school manufacture of nitric. In a fume hood, mix equal parts nitric and sulfuric acid in a beaker drop cotton balls into the acid. Scaling it down by a factor of 10, we get 43ml of 60% nitric acid fully nitrating 16g of cellulose.
Technical support document for the nitric acid production. The caustic, colorless liquid is typically produced on an industrial scale using highly specialized chemical processes and equipment. Level with fuming red nitric acid, of 98% pure concentration. The ostwald process is a chemical process used for making nitric acid hno 3. What volume of nitric acid must be diluted with distilled water to preapre 5l of 0. When mixing the acids, it is important to add the nitric acid to the hydrochloric acid and not the other way around. Emission factor calculated for each nitric acid train lb. So the objective in this approach is to generate nitrogen dioxide. Sep 14, 2004 no2 and water will also make nitric acid, as will oxidation of ammonia used in industry. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per. Nitric acid is also used for metal etching and processing of ferrous metals.
Nital is made up of a powerful oxidizing acid nitric acid and an organic, and therefore reducing, alcohol. The ostwald process has many wellknown uses in both the industrial and health field. Technical support document for the nitric acid production sector. The reaction is highly exothermic and the heat given out by the reaction is sufficient to keep the reaction going. The nitric acid is used for fertilizer production thyssenkrupp industrial solutionscaption applications of hno3 nitric acid is used for a large number of applications, but the majority of the acid is used for making fertilizers figures 1 and 2. Nitric acid is produced industrially through a multistep reaction process known as ostwald process. Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula hno3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. Nitric acid definition of nitric acid by merriamwebster. Aqua regia is used to dissolve gold, platinum, and palladium. An older density scale is occasionally seen, with concentrated nitric acid speci. The findings of subsequent potentiodynamic studies.